91ฟดฦฌอ๘

ว๊™์ˆ ยท์—ฐ๊ตฌ

๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ •๊ตฌํ˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜, ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์œ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™์ˆ ์ง€์„œ Outstanding Paper ์„ ์ •

๋“ฑ๋ก์ผ 2019.10.29. ์กฐํšŒ 2496

๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ •๊ตฌํ˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ โ€œInnovation implementation as a dynamic equilibrium: Emergent processes and divergent outcomes (Chung, G. H, & Choi, J. N., 2018)โ€์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์œ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™์ˆ ์ง€์ธ Group and Organization Management์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2018 Outstanding Paper๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋๋‹ค.

ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๊ณ ์ž ํ˜์‹ (innovation)์„ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ํ™”๋‘๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜์‹ ๋„์ž…(adoption)์˜ ์‹คํŒจ์œจ์€ 70%์— ์œก๋ฐ•ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—, ์กฐ์ง๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ(right) ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ๋„์ž…๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ์ผ์ƒํ™”(routinization)๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์‹คํ–‰(effective implementation) ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ํ˜์‹ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ต(effectiveness or benefit)์€ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์กฐ์ง๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ์ง€์†์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ์•ผ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ์–ป์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์ž๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ƒํ™”๋˜๋Š”(์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”) ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋А๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํŒ๊ฐ€๋ฆ„ ๋‚œ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ํ˜์‹ ์‹คํ–‰์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์–ด๋–ค ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ณ„ํšํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€๋งŒ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ตœ๊ทผ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์œ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™์ˆ ์ง€(Group and Organization Management)์—์„œ Outstanding Paper๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(๋™๊ตญ๋Œ€ ์ •๊ตฌํ˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜์™€ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ ์ตœ์ง„๋‚จ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ๊ณต์ €)๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ด€์ (social constructionist view)์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜์‹ ์‹คํ–‰์˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ฐํž˜์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•ด๋‹ต์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„(TMT)์€ ํ˜์‹ ๋„์ž…์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž(initiator)๋กœ์„œ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค(followers)์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜์‹ ์ถ”์ง„ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜์‹ ์‹คํ–‰์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”(facilitating) ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „์ˆ (์˜ˆ: ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ, ๊ต์œก, ์กฐ์ง๊ฐœํŽธ ๋“ฑ)์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ•œํŽธ, ๋…ธ์กฐ ํ˜น์€ ํ˜์‹ ๋„์ž… ์‹œ ๊ถŒํ•œ์ด ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ํ˜์‹ ์‹คํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ €ํ•ญ์„ธ๋ ฅ(resistor)์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜์‹ ํšŒํ”ผ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ˜์‹ ์‹คํ–‰์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š”(inhibiting) ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฑ…๋žต(์˜ˆ: ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ณด๊ณ , ํ˜์‹ ์—…๋ฌด ํƒœ๋งŒ ๋“ฑ)์„ ๊พธ๋ฏธ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜์‹ ์ถ”์ง„ ์••๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ „์ˆ ์€ ํ˜์‹ ์‹คํ–‰์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ(Driving Force)์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜์‹ ํšŒํ”ผ ์••๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ฑ…๋žต์€ ํ˜์‹ ์‹คํ–‰์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ(Resisting Force)์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ˜์‹ ์‹คํ–‰์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ํž˜(ํ˜์‹ ์ถ”์ง„/ํšŒํ”ผ ์••๋ ฅ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต/ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„(power evaluation stage)๋กœ์จ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค(followers)์€ initiator์™€ resistor ์ค‘, ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํž˜(power)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ชฝ(party)์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์ „์ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„(tactics evaluation stage)์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์ต์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ(party)์— ์„œ๋ฉฐ, ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์‹คํ–‰ ํ–‰๋™/๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค: (1) ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์ด ์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ํด ๋•Œ์—๋Š”, ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ณ„ํš ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•จ(Implementation without Change); (2) ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ „์ˆ ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š”, ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•จ(Modified Implementation): (3) ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ „์ˆ /์ฑ…๋žต์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š”, ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•จ(Minimum Implementation): (4) ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์ด ์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž‘์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š”, ํ˜์‹ ์‹คํ–‰์„ ์‹คํŒจํ•จ(Implementation Failure). ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž๋“ค์€ ํ˜์‹ ์‹คํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ง๋‚ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ •์น˜์  ํž˜(sociopolitical power)์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ, ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์˜ ์ด์ต์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ „์ˆ (socioeconomic tactics)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.